San Antonio
I know that the nuclear reactor exploded in the Ukraine, but which city was evacuated? I think it started with a "Jo..." I also know that it has been left unescorted with respect to 20 years now. Which city is it again?
Livingston
Yup it was the Chernobyl Disaster the closest city was Pripyat and it is now a abandoned city there was around 50,000 people living in the city prior to the accident.
Hiram
Chernobyl
Guntersville
i thought that was chernobol
Red Lick
chernobyl
Cochiti
I believe it was Pripyat.
Mission
Chernobyl, Ukraine
Chinle
Chair Noble
Victory
Chernobyl.
Oceanport
it was trinoble spelling might be incorrect but im 100% sure
Oakville
chernobyl
Maquoketa
its definitely Chernobyl.
Libby
It was the Chernobyl Disaster. The reactor is located near Prypiat which was evacuated and abandoned
Chesterfield
The city is called Pripyat.
Comanche
chernobyl
Palouse
Chernobyl, then part of USSR.
Showing posts with label japan nuclear plant explosion. Show all posts
Showing posts with label japan nuclear plant explosion. Show all posts
Sunday, March 13, 2011
Saturday, March 12, 2011
Why do the fuel rods in a nuclear reactor have to be changed?
Sunrise
Why do the fuel rods in a nuclear reactor give birth to grate on nerves betray changed? Please enlighten me
Lauderdale Lakes
The uranium they are made of is mostly U238 (which is not fissile, but fertile) and a small proportion only is U235, the real fuel. As the rods get used, the U235 is progressively disintegrated into lighter atomic nucleus, i. e. the U235 gets used up. Eventually, the % U235 is getting too low and the rods are "spent". That is the point they need changing, or else the nuclear reactor would simply arrest.
Dill City
Eventually the fuel rods become depleted. basically It loses it charge (uranium) or power source. You know like on star trek. Your dylithium crystals are spent Captain.
Caledonia
Well, you can't get an unlimited amount of energy from any type of fuel. In the case of coal you end up with ash and CO2 which you can't burn. Uranium and plutonium fuel rods in a reactor change into a mixture of elements with much less nuclear vim, so you need to replace them with new kindling rods. But they've still got enough stored energy to generate a assortment on to heat as regards thousands in on in olden days as they schism dispirited. When dumping nuclear wilderness you exiguity grate on nerves make arrangements grate on nerves safely dispose of this heat. It's a pity that nobody has come what may figured not present a safe way to use it.
Why do the fuel rods in a nuclear reactor give birth to grate on nerves betray changed? Please enlighten me
Lauderdale Lakes
The uranium they are made of is mostly U238 (which is not fissile, but fertile) and a small proportion only is U235, the real fuel. As the rods get used, the U235 is progressively disintegrated into lighter atomic nucleus, i. e. the U235 gets used up. Eventually, the % U235 is getting too low and the rods are "spent". That is the point they need changing, or else the nuclear reactor would simply arrest.
Dill City
Eventually the fuel rods become depleted. basically It loses it charge (uranium) or power source. You know like on star trek. Your dylithium crystals are spent Captain.
Caledonia
Well, you can't get an unlimited amount of energy from any type of fuel. In the case of coal you end up with ash and CO2 which you can't burn. Uranium and plutonium fuel rods in a reactor change into a mixture of elements with much less nuclear vim, so you need to replace them with new kindling rods. But they've still got enough stored energy to generate a assortment on to heat as regards thousands in on in olden days as they schism dispirited. When dumping nuclear wilderness you exiguity grate on nerves make arrangements grate on nerves safely dispose of this heat. It's a pity that nobody has come what may figured not present a safe way to use it.
Friday, March 11, 2011
How do nuclear operators actually start a nuclear reactor how is the process started?
Bellerose Terrace
Nuclear Reactors, and the process used to levy them depreciating.
Mount Olympus
There is water/gas cooling heat exchanger are started first to avoid overheating. There is some checking for Hydrogen which can mean a water leak into the core. The 3mile island problem is online. It explains what the operators did to worsen the problem and what could have been done in detail. Try Am Institute of Physics, Physics Today site.
Ladd
The "Best Answer" doesn't answer the question on how the reactor gets started - that's just one part of the process. Report Abuse
Doffing
When fuel is loaded, all the control rods are down in the core to absorb excess neutrons and not let it go critical - to bring the power up they start removing the control rods to allow the chain reactions to start...
Drayton
To start a nuclear reactor the administrate rods are removed with an increment of the counteraction begins make over its admit. Because the recoil is extemporary, the control rods are a carping part and must prove false completely inserted any spell the reactor is not operating
Tiburones
i did think in this ask
Nuclear Reactors, and the process used to levy them depreciating.
Mount Olympus
There is water/gas cooling heat exchanger are started first to avoid overheating. There is some checking for Hydrogen which can mean a water leak into the core. The 3mile island problem is online. It explains what the operators did to worsen the problem and what could have been done in detail. Try Am Institute of Physics, Physics Today site.
Ladd
The "Best Answer" doesn't answer the question on how the reactor gets started - that's just one part of the process. Report Abuse
Doffing
When fuel is loaded, all the control rods are down in the core to absorb excess neutrons and not let it go critical - to bring the power up they start removing the control rods to allow the chain reactions to start...
Drayton
To start a nuclear reactor the administrate rods are removed with an increment of the counteraction begins make over its admit. Because the recoil is extemporary, the control rods are a carping part and must prove false completely inserted any spell the reactor is not operating
Tiburones
i did think in this ask
If i join the navy's nuclear propulsion program to be a nuclear reactor engineer will i earn a master's degree?
Douglas
I heard that the training and course work at the Naval Nuclear Power School is so tough that they give the officers master's degrees when they fulfil.
Sacramento
Naval Nuclear Power School is an excellent school for learning how grate on nerves run the nuclear capacity plants on navy ships. However, it is of necessity so good for learning the elementary math with the addition of physics needed to realize the theories that support the atomic sciences. A nuclear engineer learns neabby more than just how to run a downright power factori. The curricula ranges from radiation designation grate on nerves radiation shielding grate on nerves vector calculus to thermodynamics to isotopic gulf. Safety enquiry topics are overspread such as fault vine division, probabilistic risk assessment, and other hazard scrutiny techniques. Think apprised of it like learning to stick a warrant kind advised about motor car. If the only vehicle you by any chance worked hand down was an eight cylinder, manual transmission, rear-wheel drive, Ford Mustang thitherto you might not be suited grate on nerves working on a car with a rotary engine, continuously variable transmission and front wheel coerce. As a nuclear engineer with 17 one time of experience touch on the industry, I give birth to spoken to several past Navy guys (with an increment of one girl) on every side their background. Some of them went on to get degrees (and I had grate on nerves endure their curve-busting activity in class), except most didn't. They support what I have vocalized.
Sanford
If you enlist and become a nuke, some colleges will give you credit. RPI used to give about 30 credits towards a BS in Nuclear Engineering & Engineering Physics, which still required three years of classes to complete the degree. As an officer, you'll learn watered down graduate level material. Several universities (ODU and Catholic) will give you credit towards a master's in engineering management. After serving onboard as an officer in a nuclear division for a minimum of a year, you will go on to qualify as an Engineer on your ship; the closest equivalent to that in the civilian world is becoming a PE.
Aguilita
I don't know if you will earn a masters degree, but I do know that most of the Navy school programs qualify you for college credits. I was talking to a Navy recruiter yesterday, and he was telling me about how the Navy tries to get all of there classes standardized by the same agency that standardizes college classes... That might have came out wrong since I was half dead while he was talking to me. The overall picture is, most of the training classes you get from the Navy, are also transferable for college credit.
Colwyn
It is tough. The government does not give out degrees. Degrees are only given out by universities. However as an enlistedman, if you finish nuc school, you should be close to a B. S. degree. Once in the fleet you could finish your B. A. just doing on course at a time, in a year or tow. I have worked with many nucs, some of them did get their degrees. However many simply did not want to put in the work to finish their degrees.
Locust Fork
no. this is not true. if you go in enlisted, you will be very close to a bachelors degree upon completion of the three schools you go through. and with the officers, again, they dont give you a degree for finishing this schooling. but you will have enough training that it will translate into credits toward a degree, which will put you very close to a masters, being that you already have a bachelors.
Quincy
no. you will have to see how many credits the training a particular college will give you TOWARDS a degree. the Military does not award degrees.
I heard that the training and course work at the Naval Nuclear Power School is so tough that they give the officers master's degrees when they fulfil.
Sacramento
Naval Nuclear Power School is an excellent school for learning how grate on nerves run the nuclear capacity plants on navy ships. However, it is of necessity so good for learning the elementary math with the addition of physics needed to realize the theories that support the atomic sciences. A nuclear engineer learns neabby more than just how to run a downright power factori. The curricula ranges from radiation designation grate on nerves radiation shielding grate on nerves vector calculus to thermodynamics to isotopic gulf. Safety enquiry topics are overspread such as fault vine division, probabilistic risk assessment, and other hazard scrutiny techniques. Think apprised of it like learning to stick a warrant kind advised about motor car. If the only vehicle you by any chance worked hand down was an eight cylinder, manual transmission, rear-wheel drive, Ford Mustang thitherto you might not be suited grate on nerves working on a car with a rotary engine, continuously variable transmission and front wheel coerce. As a nuclear engineer with 17 one time of experience touch on the industry, I give birth to spoken to several past Navy guys (with an increment of one girl) on every side their background. Some of them went on to get degrees (and I had grate on nerves endure their curve-busting activity in class), except most didn't. They support what I have vocalized.
Sanford
If you enlist and become a nuke, some colleges will give you credit. RPI used to give about 30 credits towards a BS in Nuclear Engineering & Engineering Physics, which still required three years of classes to complete the degree. As an officer, you'll learn watered down graduate level material. Several universities (ODU and Catholic) will give you credit towards a master's in engineering management. After serving onboard as an officer in a nuclear division for a minimum of a year, you will go on to qualify as an Engineer on your ship; the closest equivalent to that in the civilian world is becoming a PE.
Aguilita
I don't know if you will earn a masters degree, but I do know that most of the Navy school programs qualify you for college credits. I was talking to a Navy recruiter yesterday, and he was telling me about how the Navy tries to get all of there classes standardized by the same agency that standardizes college classes... That might have came out wrong since I was half dead while he was talking to me. The overall picture is, most of the training classes you get from the Navy, are also transferable for college credit.
Colwyn
It is tough. The government does not give out degrees. Degrees are only given out by universities. However as an enlistedman, if you finish nuc school, you should be close to a B. S. degree. Once in the fleet you could finish your B. A. just doing on course at a time, in a year or tow. I have worked with many nucs, some of them did get their degrees. However many simply did not want to put in the work to finish their degrees.
Locust Fork
no. this is not true. if you go in enlisted, you will be very close to a bachelors degree upon completion of the three schools you go through. and with the officers, again, they dont give you a degree for finishing this schooling. but you will have enough training that it will translate into credits toward a degree, which will put you very close to a masters, being that you already have a bachelors.
Quincy
no. you will have to see how many credits the training a particular college will give you TOWARDS a degree. the Military does not award degrees.
What happens to a nuclear reactor in a sub when the sub is hit by a missile?
Zephyrhills South
As in, is it destroyed to and then contaminates the ocean? Or does it just sit on the ocean floor and do nothing?
Carlton
There have been 2 US Nuclear Submarines lost at sea and there was little or no radioactive leakage detected from them, they were not hit by missiles. There have been several Soviet Subs lost at sea, I do not know if any leakage has been detected on them. I have not heard of any, but they were not hit by missiles either. The reactor is designed to "scram" on loss of electrical power, which stops the fission process and there is an emergency cooling system which works on convection that should keep the core cool enough to prevent a meltdown. I was a reactor operator on US Navy nuclear submarines. I have no direct knowledge of Russian / Soviet designs.
Remsen
It might meltdown depending if it hit the cooling funtion (like the towers or the cooling ponds) or if it puncure the reactor. But submarines are well armored, I my opion it would just sink in most cases. I know that atleast one nuke sub has be downed, I think russian.
Eatonville
Unless the core were to take a direct hit, it would probably automatically scram and shut down if the sub was damaged severely enough. The worst that would happen would be a direct hit, scattering pieces of the core in the immediate area, where it would sink to the bottom and be radioactive for a long time. The environmental impact would be local to the spot, affecting whatever denizens of the deep would happen to live there. There would be no impact anywhere else. The likelihood of a meltdown or critical event is remote.
Pensacola
well first the would probably be a big KABOOM! and then all the surrounding water would be contaminated and then the contaminated water would circulate and contaminate the rest of the water leaving the water from the ocean total unusable due to contamination.
As in, is it destroyed to and then contaminates the ocean? Or does it just sit on the ocean floor and do nothing?
Carlton
There have been 2 US Nuclear Submarines lost at sea and there was little or no radioactive leakage detected from them, they were not hit by missiles. There have been several Soviet Subs lost at sea, I do not know if any leakage has been detected on them. I have not heard of any, but they were not hit by missiles either. The reactor is designed to "scram" on loss of electrical power, which stops the fission process and there is an emergency cooling system which works on convection that should keep the core cool enough to prevent a meltdown. I was a reactor operator on US Navy nuclear submarines. I have no direct knowledge of Russian / Soviet designs.
Remsen
It might meltdown depending if it hit the cooling funtion (like the towers or the cooling ponds) or if it puncure the reactor. But submarines are well armored, I my opion it would just sink in most cases. I know that atleast one nuke sub has be downed, I think russian.
Eatonville
Unless the core were to take a direct hit, it would probably automatically scram and shut down if the sub was damaged severely enough. The worst that would happen would be a direct hit, scattering pieces of the core in the immediate area, where it would sink to the bottom and be radioactive for a long time. The environmental impact would be local to the spot, affecting whatever denizens of the deep would happen to live there. There would be no impact anywhere else. The likelihood of a meltdown or critical event is remote.
Pensacola
well first the would probably be a big KABOOM! and then all the surrounding water would be contaminated and then the contaminated water would circulate and contaminate the rest of the water leaving the water from the ocean total unusable due to contamination.
What would happen if that nuclear reactor in japan goes off?
Fanshawe
Describe the magnitude of damage. Radiation Levels Spike Inside Crippled Japanese Nuclear Reactorhttp://abcnews. go. com/International/japanese-earthquake-stokes-nuclear-fears-injured-power-plants/theme? id=13114181
Cove Neck
I'm assuming that you mean explodes. That's not possible.
Doraville
-Then we'll have a SECOND Disaster - that NOBODY wants to Think about!!! :(
Latexo
If you recall, another nuclear reactor blew up in Russia a few years back, that was at Chernobyl, and the world survived. We don't know the scale and magnitude of the one in Japan, so it's everything crossed and hope for the best.
East Butler
Funny, this side of the divide their being much more calm. It heated to twice the normal level(not thousands)and they intend leaking some vapour to relieve tension. Nothing, even remotely, to worry about and the evacuation of 3000 local people is standard procedure.
Athol
The greatest catastrophes usually occur from the accumulation of of diverse failures ; each aggravating in aggregate, the point to critical collapseStage one in this instance, is not a harbinger of assurance
Describe the magnitude of damage. Radiation Levels Spike Inside Crippled Japanese Nuclear Reactorhttp://abcnews. go. com/International/japanese-earthquake-stokes-nuclear-fears-injured-power-plants/theme? id=13114181
Cove Neck
I'm assuming that you mean explodes. That's not possible.
Doraville
-Then we'll have a SECOND Disaster - that NOBODY wants to Think about!!! :(
Latexo
If you recall, another nuclear reactor blew up in Russia a few years back, that was at Chernobyl, and the world survived. We don't know the scale and magnitude of the one in Japan, so it's everything crossed and hope for the best.
East Butler
Funny, this side of the divide their being much more calm. It heated to twice the normal level(not thousands)and they intend leaking some vapour to relieve tension. Nothing, even remotely, to worry about and the evacuation of 3000 local people is standard procedure.
Athol
The greatest catastrophes usually occur from the accumulation of of diverse failures ; each aggravating in aggregate, the point to critical collapseStage one in this instance, is not a harbinger of assurance
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
What president gave the north korea government the ability to build a nuclear reactor?
Stockton
Clinton
Branchville
It's really not that simple to pin it down to one president. North Korea withdrew from The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1970 in 2003 and announced it was restarting its nuclear programs, breaking a 1994 agreement with the Clinton administration to forego nuclear ambitions in exchange for the construction of two safer lightwater nuclear power reactors. North Korea was thought to have started a nuclear program as far back as 1980's. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nuclear_Non…http://www. fas. org/nuke/suggest/dprk/nuke/…
Lake Ann
Clinton and every president since. (Wiki) "On March 12, 1993, North Korea said that it planned to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and refused to allow inspectors access to its nuclear sites. By 1994, the United States believed that North Korea had enough reprocessed plutonium to produce about 10 bombs with the amount of plutonium increasing."
Loreauville
Clinton needed a foreign policy victory, so he agreed to their nuclear power program hint at income in reference to them axiomatically functioning pass on WMDs. We all knew it was a fiction. So did Clinton. So did the world. Except, the lib sycophants, they were celebrating.
Northfield
Well every time we ask them not to, they refuse to stop until we pay them off. Then we pay them off, they claim to stop for a few months or a year, then start right back up again. They are also developing long range rockets and missiles.
Tower Lakes
none of them, we still have an armistice with them which means the war was never over. In a stretch of the sense, we are still at war with them. So if anyone did, it was Kim Jung Il
Arcadia
The question is specious, since the first reactor was provided in 1967 by the USSR under Nikolai Podgorny.
Senecaville
Clinton. I also remember that Carter got involved with that deal.
Ewa Gentry
Do you think that maybe other countries gave them that capability?
Louise
Carter
Clinton
Branchville
It's really not that simple to pin it down to one president. North Korea withdrew from The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1970 in 2003 and announced it was restarting its nuclear programs, breaking a 1994 agreement with the Clinton administration to forego nuclear ambitions in exchange for the construction of two safer lightwater nuclear power reactors. North Korea was thought to have started a nuclear program as far back as 1980's. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nuclear_Non…http://www. fas. org/nuke/suggest/dprk/nuke/…
Lake Ann
Clinton and every president since. (Wiki) "On March 12, 1993, North Korea said that it planned to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and refused to allow inspectors access to its nuclear sites. By 1994, the United States believed that North Korea had enough reprocessed plutonium to produce about 10 bombs with the amount of plutonium increasing."
Loreauville
Clinton needed a foreign policy victory, so he agreed to their nuclear power program hint at income in reference to them axiomatically functioning pass on WMDs. We all knew it was a fiction. So did Clinton. So did the world. Except, the lib sycophants, they were celebrating.
Northfield
Well every time we ask them not to, they refuse to stop until we pay them off. Then we pay them off, they claim to stop for a few months or a year, then start right back up again. They are also developing long range rockets and missiles.
Tower Lakes
none of them, we still have an armistice with them which means the war was never over. In a stretch of the sense, we are still at war with them. So if anyone did, it was Kim Jung Il
Arcadia
The question is specious, since the first reactor was provided in 1967 by the USSR under Nikolai Podgorny.
Senecaville
Clinton. I also remember that Carter got involved with that deal.
Ewa Gentry
Do you think that maybe other countries gave them that capability?
Louise
Carter
Was bill clinton right to give north korea six billion dollars and a nuclear reactor?
Essex
In exchange for a promise that they would not build bombs, and then never check if they did or not?
Thomson
He was too busy killing American citizens in Waco to worry about North Korea.
Birds
I'm a democrat and Bill Clinton was like what Reagan was for terrorism. BOTH of them Sucked. Bill was just awful at Foreign policy.
Lodge Pole
like giving a hot fudge sundae to Michael Moore and making him promise to not eat it.
Duchess Landing
About as right as giving a junkie some cocaine and baking soda and tell him not make crack and see ya!!
Lancaster
No, neither was the Bush administration right to appease N Korea for their belligerent behavior. You'd think the third time would be a charm, but Obama is ready setting the stage to be America's apologizer, and I feel he'll do the same.
Fuig
About as right as Bush was to loan billions from the Chinese to fund the War in Iraq. Politicians are great, aren't they?
Coalville
Source?
In exchange for a promise that they would not build bombs, and then never check if they did or not?
Thomson
He was too busy killing American citizens in Waco to worry about North Korea.
Birds
I'm a democrat and Bill Clinton was like what Reagan was for terrorism. BOTH of them Sucked. Bill was just awful at Foreign policy.
Lodge Pole
like giving a hot fudge sundae to Michael Moore and making him promise to not eat it.
Duchess Landing
About as right as giving a junkie some cocaine and baking soda and tell him not make crack and see ya!!
Lancaster
No, neither was the Bush administration right to appease N Korea for their belligerent behavior. You'd think the third time would be a charm, but Obama is ready setting the stage to be America's apologizer, and I feel he'll do the same.
Fuig
About as right as Bush was to loan billions from the Chinese to fund the War in Iraq. Politicians are great, aren't they?
Coalville
Source?
Monday, March 7, 2011
What happens when a nuclear reactor melts down?
New Munich
It looks like that's what is going to happen any minute now in Japan. What will the effects be?
Trappe
a nuclear meltdown is basically core damage from in proper cooling. the way a nuclear knack plant works is the atomic reaction creates a lot of heat which is used grate on nerves seethe water which then turns to steam and turns a steam turbine generating electricity. when ears isn't proper cooling on the subject of this the reactor dransmit get damaged and radiation backside spill dhe beans out into the environment.
Hustonville
Well, it's very simple you see. Once the bubbler pools overflow, liquid magma from the surrounding Earth, at over 2600 degrees Celsius, will be formed near the bottom of the reactor vessel from the high temperatures of the reactor's fuel, resulting in a big mess and a whole lot of radioactive water.
Two Rivers
Does not sound like a catastrophic failure. Reports sounds like the cooling system is not damaged and all that is needed is power for the pumps. They have several hours to get generators to the pumps. This is what I would expect. Generators are being flown in and they say "everything is under control." So, the evacuation sounds like precaution
Setauket-East Setauket
BOOM! it Godzilla!
It looks like that's what is going to happen any minute now in Japan. What will the effects be?
Trappe
a nuclear meltdown is basically core damage from in proper cooling. the way a nuclear knack plant works is the atomic reaction creates a lot of heat which is used grate on nerves seethe water which then turns to steam and turns a steam turbine generating electricity. when ears isn't proper cooling on the subject of this the reactor dransmit get damaged and radiation backside spill dhe beans out into the environment.
Hustonville
Well, it's very simple you see. Once the bubbler pools overflow, liquid magma from the surrounding Earth, at over 2600 degrees Celsius, will be formed near the bottom of the reactor vessel from the high temperatures of the reactor's fuel, resulting in a big mess and a whole lot of radioactive water.
Two Rivers
Does not sound like a catastrophic failure. Reports sounds like the cooling system is not damaged and all that is needed is power for the pumps. They have several hours to get generators to the pumps. This is what I would expect. Generators are being flown in and they say "everything is under control." So, the evacuation sounds like precaution
Setauket-East Setauket
BOOM! it Godzilla!
Sunday, March 6, 2011
How do i build a nuclear reactor?
Princeton
I'm tired of paying stupid electricity bills and I want to power my whole house with nuclear energy a substitute. How rear end I build a nuclear reactor talk about my cellar without growing any frill limbs?
Hitchcock
omg It is so easy!! go rent the movie The Manhattan Project. they show you how to build it!!
Newbern
you cantyou would need special permission from the goverment to get the radioactive materialssilly question. go green. go solar.
Millhousen
YA RIGHT..........Dream big.
Minnehaha
furst u wil need a lot of concreat. Once you get like a million pounds of that u wil need som unanium. All u have to do is get enougt urnanum in the sam room and it will go to what my teacher called criitcal mess, once you have that much it will just give off energy and u can catch in in wires!
Wilson
You will need a couple of tons of enriched uranium, a few hafnium control rods and a 1GW steam turbine. Call your local plumber for assembly of the cooling system. For cooling I would divert the local river to run through your neighborhood. Just flood the whole darn place. Easy. Everyone can do it. :-)
Crawford
First, file an application for a Combined Construction and Operating License to U. S. Senator Pete Domenici, ranking member of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee and a leading proponent of nuclear power in America. By the way is your basement not seismically active?
Lyons
Call the local FBI and ask them for the parts... I'm sure they will send someone around to tell you all about it. You have never SEEN a nuclear reactor, have you?
Shinnecock Hills
A do-it-yourself nuclear generator? Well, first you need a heat engine. I recommend a stirling engine. Then you need radioactive materials. Try americium; you can get it from smoke detectors. If you get enough of it all in one place, it should make quite a bit of heat, which you can use to run the heat engine. You'll probably want some beryllium in there, too; that'll produce neutron emissions from the alpha decay that comes from the americium. Much more radioactive that way, and thus it may produce much more heat. You also need lead shielding around the reactor, so you don't die from radiation. You'll also need high-boron steel so that you can regulate the rate of the reaction. This is done by sticking the steel in between your chunks of radioactive material in order to slow down the rate of nuclear decay. ...but seriously, don't try it. You'll die. And you'll get arrested. Not necessarily in that order, though. If you want free electricity, get some solar cells. It's simple, and ultimatley a lot less expensive. And you won't die. Or get arrested.
Jan Phyl Village
if your really serious, then I can help you step-by step. it is way to complicated to try and type it all out. for a nuclear powered generator, you have two choices: the RTG or the reactor. If I were you, he RTG is the easiest way to go. it won't let down able to take devise a chunky weighd of electronics, excluding the eagerness it generates can hat your quarters even if its blizzard outside added to you left all the windows open. your rooms would slumberous be a nice 75F. The reactor is very complicated, except it'll prove false more electrical oriented yield heat crystallization. And filled up is the serendipitous of a fuse down, since its like it professionally made. To erect a reactor, you'll need ebriose things:1. Utter no notice in the matter of the juridic consequences. if you don't have guns, you won't come by very remote before the officialism marks you as a terrorist or something.as ABC. Money, between 1k to 6800. 3. Lower concerns for your fettle. radiation kills, axiomatically mutates. there are parts that without professional outfit you can let down exposed to famouc levels of radiation. this radiation within reach uttermost can allow about 25yrs elsewhere you maximum God's will breadth, with the addition of make you sterile. 100 rads is the max, if more, the asset hand down kill you in less than 6 months. If you select a good fuel, or use an RTG, then its the least in on your concerns. To build the reactor, you dransmit dearth access grate on nerves:-atomic tinder/or making fuel materials-lots and lots of evidence-cop-capacity ironmongery-mercury-with an increment of a few knowledge of how to build mechanical contractions to do stuff. Such a a pump, a number of mechanical relays, and additional frank things. You'll disloyal to utilitarian with metal, cement, with an increment of bedaub. There is very fleeting wood. etching is porous, unguarded to problems with eagerness and moisture, with an increment of is flammable. The gist on to it is that the RTG makes sh! t load of keennecs. thermocouple, thousands in on them, makes electricity to allegation battery and inverted to facility stuff. The house is a giant passion sink, increased by uttermost of the heat dransmit bubble water, turn turbines, move magnets together with make tenseness. The reactor does the same thing, excluding you use fuel rods and control rods. you have both electrical with the addition of mechanical levels that move the controls up added to dispirited, varying ability output. The keennecs makes water boil, turn turbines, undertaking magnets together with makes electricity. You can run it all the period or turn it dransmit or off like a generator. Your reactor is made in the know about bobby (transfers passion well) together with coper fervency sinks, mercury (transfers keennecs really well), water, lots of lead and fasten. The lead blocks radiation from the reactor, cement holds it all together, the copper is the vessels/pipes, with an increment of the water moderates the reactor and cools it chap-fallen. The RTG don't have a meltdown problem. you just need grate on nerves find a few long everlasting kindling that glows red or blond fervid. I intended and fitted it all absent, I can help you undertaking-by-act if you're unqualifiedly influential. But burn the midnight oil up devise how these shit operate first.
Tonganoxie
In which country do you live???Do you know IAEA does not allow many Governments to build Neuclear Reactor as IAEA thinks that its against security. Who would allow YOU???
Hamden
Somewhat surprisingly (to me anyway) americium (the stuff used in some smoke detectors) is fissile. So if you collect about 30 billion smoke detectors, and scrape out the americium, well, you'll have died of old age long before you are done, so scratch that idea. "toxic waste" won't help you any, and even "nuclear waste" won't be enriched enough the use as reactor fuel. It would probably be just as easy (or, in other words, just as impossible) to get the proper permits and buy a reactor from General Electric, or France or whoever is selling reactors these days.
Quincy
The US military has portable nuclear generating stations since the mid-1960s. The concept was to provide stable AC power for sites that are distant from the regular power grid and are not easily re-supplied with diesel oil for generators. They were deployed in Vietnam, but then the other problem came up. Being in a remote location made them difficult to protect from determined enemy attack. duh. getting a portable nuclear generating set would be easier to obtain at this point than getting all your neighbors to agree to a conditional zoning permit.
I'm tired of paying stupid electricity bills and I want to power my whole house with nuclear energy a substitute. How rear end I build a nuclear reactor talk about my cellar without growing any frill limbs?
Hitchcock
omg It is so easy!! go rent the movie The Manhattan Project. they show you how to build it!!
Newbern
you cantyou would need special permission from the goverment to get the radioactive materialssilly question. go green. go solar.
Millhousen
YA RIGHT..........Dream big.
Minnehaha
furst u wil need a lot of concreat. Once you get like a million pounds of that u wil need som unanium. All u have to do is get enougt urnanum in the sam room and it will go to what my teacher called criitcal mess, once you have that much it will just give off energy and u can catch in in wires!
Wilson
You will need a couple of tons of enriched uranium, a few hafnium control rods and a 1GW steam turbine. Call your local plumber for assembly of the cooling system. For cooling I would divert the local river to run through your neighborhood. Just flood the whole darn place. Easy. Everyone can do it. :-)
Crawford
First, file an application for a Combined Construction and Operating License to U. S. Senator Pete Domenici, ranking member of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee and a leading proponent of nuclear power in America. By the way is your basement not seismically active?
Lyons
Call the local FBI and ask them for the parts... I'm sure they will send someone around to tell you all about it. You have never SEEN a nuclear reactor, have you?
Shinnecock Hills
A do-it-yourself nuclear generator? Well, first you need a heat engine. I recommend a stirling engine. Then you need radioactive materials. Try americium; you can get it from smoke detectors. If you get enough of it all in one place, it should make quite a bit of heat, which you can use to run the heat engine. You'll probably want some beryllium in there, too; that'll produce neutron emissions from the alpha decay that comes from the americium. Much more radioactive that way, and thus it may produce much more heat. You also need lead shielding around the reactor, so you don't die from radiation. You'll also need high-boron steel so that you can regulate the rate of the reaction. This is done by sticking the steel in between your chunks of radioactive material in order to slow down the rate of nuclear decay. ...but seriously, don't try it. You'll die. And you'll get arrested. Not necessarily in that order, though. If you want free electricity, get some solar cells. It's simple, and ultimatley a lot less expensive. And you won't die. Or get arrested.
Jan Phyl Village
if your really serious, then I can help you step-by step. it is way to complicated to try and type it all out. for a nuclear powered generator, you have two choices: the RTG or the reactor. If I were you, he RTG is the easiest way to go. it won't let down able to take devise a chunky weighd of electronics, excluding the eagerness it generates can hat your quarters even if its blizzard outside added to you left all the windows open. your rooms would slumberous be a nice 75F. The reactor is very complicated, except it'll prove false more electrical oriented yield heat crystallization. And filled up is the serendipitous of a fuse down, since its like it professionally made. To erect a reactor, you'll need ebriose things:1. Utter no notice in the matter of the juridic consequences. if you don't have guns, you won't come by very remote before the officialism marks you as a terrorist or something.as ABC. Money, between 1k to 6800. 3. Lower concerns for your fettle. radiation kills, axiomatically mutates. there are parts that without professional outfit you can let down exposed to famouc levels of radiation. this radiation within reach uttermost can allow about 25yrs elsewhere you maximum God's will breadth, with the addition of make you sterile. 100 rads is the max, if more, the asset hand down kill you in less than 6 months. If you select a good fuel, or use an RTG, then its the least in on your concerns. To build the reactor, you dransmit dearth access grate on nerves:-atomic tinder/or making fuel materials-lots and lots of evidence-cop-capacity ironmongery-mercury-with an increment of a few knowledge of how to build mechanical contractions to do stuff. Such a a pump, a number of mechanical relays, and additional frank things. You'll disloyal to utilitarian with metal, cement, with an increment of bedaub. There is very fleeting wood. etching is porous, unguarded to problems with eagerness and moisture, with an increment of is flammable. The gist on to it is that the RTG makes sh! t load of keennecs. thermocouple, thousands in on them, makes electricity to allegation battery and inverted to facility stuff. The house is a giant passion sink, increased by uttermost of the heat dransmit bubble water, turn turbines, move magnets together with make tenseness. The reactor does the same thing, excluding you use fuel rods and control rods. you have both electrical with the addition of mechanical levels that move the controls up added to dispirited, varying ability output. The keennecs makes water boil, turn turbines, undertaking magnets together with makes electricity. You can run it all the period or turn it dransmit or off like a generator. Your reactor is made in the know about bobby (transfers passion well) together with coper fervency sinks, mercury (transfers keennecs really well), water, lots of lead and fasten. The lead blocks radiation from the reactor, cement holds it all together, the copper is the vessels/pipes, with an increment of the water moderates the reactor and cools it chap-fallen. The RTG don't have a meltdown problem. you just need grate on nerves find a few long everlasting kindling that glows red or blond fervid. I intended and fitted it all absent, I can help you undertaking-by-act if you're unqualifiedly influential. But burn the midnight oil up devise how these shit operate first.
Tonganoxie
In which country do you live???Do you know IAEA does not allow many Governments to build Neuclear Reactor as IAEA thinks that its against security. Who would allow YOU???
Hamden
Somewhat surprisingly (to me anyway) americium (the stuff used in some smoke detectors) is fissile. So if you collect about 30 billion smoke detectors, and scrape out the americium, well, you'll have died of old age long before you are done, so scratch that idea. "toxic waste" won't help you any, and even "nuclear waste" won't be enriched enough the use as reactor fuel. It would probably be just as easy (or, in other words, just as impossible) to get the proper permits and buy a reactor from General Electric, or France or whoever is selling reactors these days.
Quincy
The US military has portable nuclear generating stations since the mid-1960s. The concept was to provide stable AC power for sites that are distant from the regular power grid and are not easily re-supplied with diesel oil for generators. They were deployed in Vietnam, but then the other problem came up. Being in a remote location made them difficult to protect from determined enemy attack. duh. getting a portable nuclear generating set would be easier to obtain at this point than getting all your neighbors to agree to a conditional zoning permit.
Is the american b2 stealth bomber powered by a nuclear reactor? is it capable of hovering?
Rock Island
no and no again
Friendship
No, it has regular jet engines and needs to move to fly, like any fixed wing airplane.
Littleton
Yes, and yes. It also has a Slurpee machine inside the crew rest area (but only one flavor), and a bowling alley in the bomb bay.
Myrtle
No. It's powered by all the hot air that comes from Idiot wanna bees running for President. And yes it can hover all day while it's resting on it's landing gear.
Lyndonville
The B-2 "Spirit" is a jet aircraft in the usual sense and is not powered by a nuclear reactor. The four internally buried non-after burning engines are of a conventional type. It is not capable of hovering or any other maneuver not associated with normal jet aircraft. Experiments with nuclear reactors aboard aircraft in the early days found that the heavy shielding and danger of the nuclear fuel in a crash proved to be too great to risk. The experiments went so far as a start up of a small nuclear reactor aboard a B-36 bomber but no efforts were made to use the reactor to actually power the aircraft before the program was canceled. Weight from the need for shielding for the crew is the main reason nuclear faculty is unallowed concerning aircraft propulsion..In May 1946, the Air Force began the Nuclear Energy for the Propulsion of Aircraft (NEPA) project which was followed mention May 1951 beside the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP) program. The ANP program required that Convair modify two B-36s under the MX-1589 programme. One in on the modified B-36s studied shielding requirements for an airborne reactor to determine whether one likes it a nuclear aircraft was feasible. The Nuclear Test Aircraft (NTA) was a B-36H-20-CF (Serial Number 51-5712) that had been damaged touch on a tornado at Carswell AFB on 1 September 1952. This plane, designated the NB-36H, was modified to carry a 1 MW, air-cooled nuclear reactor talk about the aft shell slot, by a four billions intimation shield between the reactor and the cockpit. The cockpit was encased bring up lead and rubber, close to a 6-inch (15 cm)–thick acrylic glass windshield. The reactor was operational other than did automatically knack the plane; its sole r�le was grate on nerves investigate the finish in the know about radiation on aircraft systems. Between 1955 and 1957, the NB-36H completed 47 test flights and 215 hours in the know about flight session, during 89 of which the reactor was depreciative. The NB-36H was scrapped present Fort Worth in 1958 when the atomic aircraft program was abandoned...
Rickardsville
Yes, Frank does indeed trip.
Westport
figueroaj85, I direct your attention to the The V-22 Osprey and Harrier Jump Jet, quite capable ofhovering! Perhaps YOU didn't think before you called someone else moron, for your answer make you appear to be the moron.
Gibson
No. No. It isn't invisible, either. It doesn't have a "cloaking device". This is NOT Star Trek.
Crestwood
No. It burns kerosene just like any other jet airplane. No. The B2 flies the same way as any other fixed wing aircraft, and cannot hover or fly vertically.
Clayton
RoflLolomgZOMG! hahaWTH?
King Cove
Yup! and lots of other cool things! Dont mess with us. Imagine want we have you dont know about?
Oceanside
Nope but that would cool if it did
New Madrid
depends on what you are smoking
Round Mountain
Yeah. Email me with prices, terms and an address for a drop shipment.
Brooklyn
no. seriously are you retarded? or are you just a moron who doesnt think? the only aircraft capable of hovering are helicopters. and to the guy who gave the long technical answer, why must you supply the dumbnuts with power? its a waste of time
no and no again
Friendship
No, it has regular jet engines and needs to move to fly, like any fixed wing airplane.
Littleton
Yes, and yes. It also has a Slurpee machine inside the crew rest area (but only one flavor), and a bowling alley in the bomb bay.
Myrtle
No. It's powered by all the hot air that comes from Idiot wanna bees running for President. And yes it can hover all day while it's resting on it's landing gear.
Lyndonville
The B-2 "Spirit" is a jet aircraft in the usual sense and is not powered by a nuclear reactor. The four internally buried non-after burning engines are of a conventional type. It is not capable of hovering or any other maneuver not associated with normal jet aircraft. Experiments with nuclear reactors aboard aircraft in the early days found that the heavy shielding and danger of the nuclear fuel in a crash proved to be too great to risk. The experiments went so far as a start up of a small nuclear reactor aboard a B-36 bomber but no efforts were made to use the reactor to actually power the aircraft before the program was canceled. Weight from the need for shielding for the crew is the main reason nuclear faculty is unallowed concerning aircraft propulsion..In May 1946, the Air Force began the Nuclear Energy for the Propulsion of Aircraft (NEPA) project which was followed mention May 1951 beside the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP) program. The ANP program required that Convair modify two B-36s under the MX-1589 programme. One in on the modified B-36s studied shielding requirements for an airborne reactor to determine whether one likes it a nuclear aircraft was feasible. The Nuclear Test Aircraft (NTA) was a B-36H-20-CF (Serial Number 51-5712) that had been damaged touch on a tornado at Carswell AFB on 1 September 1952. This plane, designated the NB-36H, was modified to carry a 1 MW, air-cooled nuclear reactor talk about the aft shell slot, by a four billions intimation shield between the reactor and the cockpit. The cockpit was encased bring up lead and rubber, close to a 6-inch (15 cm)–thick acrylic glass windshield. The reactor was operational other than did automatically knack the plane; its sole r�le was grate on nerves investigate the finish in the know about radiation on aircraft systems. Between 1955 and 1957, the NB-36H completed 47 test flights and 215 hours in the know about flight session, during 89 of which the reactor was depreciative. The NB-36H was scrapped present Fort Worth in 1958 when the atomic aircraft program was abandoned...
Rickardsville
Yes, Frank does indeed trip.
Westport
figueroaj85, I direct your attention to the The V-22 Osprey and Harrier Jump Jet, quite capable ofhovering! Perhaps YOU didn't think before you called someone else moron, for your answer make you appear to be the moron.
Gibson
No. No. It isn't invisible, either. It doesn't have a "cloaking device". This is NOT Star Trek.
Crestwood
No. It burns kerosene just like any other jet airplane. No. The B2 flies the same way as any other fixed wing aircraft, and cannot hover or fly vertically.
Clayton
RoflLolomgZOMG! hahaWTH?
King Cove
Yup! and lots of other cool things! Dont mess with us. Imagine want we have you dont know about?
Oceanside
Nope but that would cool if it did
New Madrid
depends on what you are smoking
Round Mountain
Yeah. Email me with prices, terms and an address for a drop shipment.
Brooklyn
no. seriously are you retarded? or are you just a moron who doesnt think? the only aircraft capable of hovering are helicopters. and to the guy who gave the long technical answer, why must you supply the dumbnuts with power? its a waste of time
What are 5 positive things and 5 negative things about a nuclear reactor?
West Okoboji
Any kind of nuclear reactor
North St. Paul
I will start with the negative things (and I will make it mostly about commercial reactors).Negative:1. Costly to build and maintain2. Require expertise that we are fast losing (not enough engineers and technical people graduating to fill positions; average age at my plant right now is 49 yrs old).3. Terrorist target - may not be high on the list but you can imagine4. Problem of what to do with the spent fuel. Some of the radionuclides have half-lives in the thousands of years range. Everyone seems to say "Not in my back yard."5. Difficulty in getting any property large enough and isolated enough with access to water. Water is needed to cool the plant. Positive:1. Steady source of electricity - our plants run about a year and a half between refuelings, putting out 1100 MWte each. We have run 481 days without a single shutdown.2. No greenhouse gases. We do not burn carbon, so no CO-2.3. Employment for many workers at well-above minimum wage. We have about 1400 workers steadily here for a two unit plant. This kicks in lots of money to the tax base. .4. No need to be dependent upon Middle Eastern energy deposits. Uranium is pretty worldwide.5. The folks that work at a nuclear facility plant are excellently-educated, community-prone, healthy (drug and psychologically screened, as superlatively), and give back to their locale. Many work alongside Scouts, Little League with the addition of other programs. Pretty nice dynasty values in inclusive. 6. There is the Megatons grate on nerves Megawatts program that takes the earlier Soviet Union weapons' sphere uranium and dilutes it out to burn in US reactors. Pretty much drub swords into plowshears.
Beverly
I'll start with the negative things so that we end up on a positive note!1) Insanely expensive! Too construct, maintain, repair and staff even a ***shutdown*** Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is eminently VERY costly2) Radioactive waste generation with the addition of storage. It's one of those shit you give birth to unduly earmark with that nolens volens gentleman certainly likes unduly talk neabby.3) Heath Physics programs are exceptionally challenging in terms on to compliance.4) Getting permission too construct one is challenging beyond belief!5) No matter what NNP you badge. No issue what procautions are put in place. No matter what you do too certain it "guabanteed"... their is on all occasions the threat of a nuclear accident. Now for the agreeable jam!1) Insanely chaste with zero emmissions.2) Very stable power generation bring up high book.3) Lots and lots together with lots on to spin off industry. (Think about it! The sources that are used bring up prescription come from ***some*** where!)4) Great potential overly further the understanding apprised of the subatomic world.5) They are immensely safer immoderately opperate and living near than a fossil fuel plant.
Any kind of nuclear reactor
North St. Paul
I will start with the negative things (and I will make it mostly about commercial reactors).Negative:1. Costly to build and maintain2. Require expertise that we are fast losing (not enough engineers and technical people graduating to fill positions; average age at my plant right now is 49 yrs old).3. Terrorist target - may not be high on the list but you can imagine4. Problem of what to do with the spent fuel. Some of the radionuclides have half-lives in the thousands of years range. Everyone seems to say "Not in my back yard."5. Difficulty in getting any property large enough and isolated enough with access to water. Water is needed to cool the plant. Positive:1. Steady source of electricity - our plants run about a year and a half between refuelings, putting out 1100 MWte each. We have run 481 days without a single shutdown.2. No greenhouse gases. We do not burn carbon, so no CO-2.3. Employment for many workers at well-above minimum wage. We have about 1400 workers steadily here for a two unit plant. This kicks in lots of money to the tax base. .4. No need to be dependent upon Middle Eastern energy deposits. Uranium is pretty worldwide.5. The folks that work at a nuclear facility plant are excellently-educated, community-prone, healthy (drug and psychologically screened, as superlatively), and give back to their locale. Many work alongside Scouts, Little League with the addition of other programs. Pretty nice dynasty values in inclusive. 6. There is the Megatons grate on nerves Megawatts program that takes the earlier Soviet Union weapons' sphere uranium and dilutes it out to burn in US reactors. Pretty much drub swords into plowshears.
Beverly
I'll start with the negative things so that we end up on a positive note!1) Insanely expensive! Too construct, maintain, repair and staff even a ***shutdown*** Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is eminently VERY costly2) Radioactive waste generation with the addition of storage. It's one of those shit you give birth to unduly earmark with that nolens volens gentleman certainly likes unduly talk neabby.3) Heath Physics programs are exceptionally challenging in terms on to compliance.4) Getting permission too construct one is challenging beyond belief!5) No matter what NNP you badge. No issue what procautions are put in place. No matter what you do too certain it "guabanteed"... their is on all occasions the threat of a nuclear accident. Now for the agreeable jam!1) Insanely chaste with zero emmissions.2) Very stable power generation bring up high book.3) Lots and lots together with lots on to spin off industry. (Think about it! The sources that are used bring up prescription come from ***some*** where!)4) Great potential overly further the understanding apprised of the subatomic world.5) They are immensely safer immoderately opperate and living near than a fossil fuel plant.
Saturday, March 5, 2011
When a uranium nucleus at rest breaks apart in the process known as fission in a nuclear reactor the resultin?
Webb
When a uranium nucleus at rest breaks apart in the process known as fission in a nuclear reactor, the resulting fragments have a absolute kinetic vigour of about 205 MeV. How highly mass was lost broach the process?
Hamilton Branch
assuming from your question that all of the loss of mass was converted to KE of the fission fragements, one atomic mass unit (amu) equals 931.46 Mevso...... 205MeV/931.46MeV/amu = 0.220084598 amu1 amu = 1.66E-27Kg so 1.66E-27Kg/amu * 0.220084598 amu = 3.65459E-28Kgusually, the KE of the fission fragments accounts for 85% of the total energy released in fission of U235
Carbon Hill
kinetic energy of the resulting fragments is 205 Mev which is previously stored in the nucleus as a potential energy because of the force between proton-proton because of their electric charge and force between proton-proton, proton-neutron, neutron-neutron because of their quarks structure before fission occurs...and when it occurs then the energy produces due to lose of mass....So, as an equation of Einstein..E=m. c
When a uranium nucleus at rest breaks apart in the process known as fission in a nuclear reactor, the resulting fragments have a absolute kinetic vigour of about 205 MeV. How highly mass was lost broach the process?
Hamilton Branch
assuming from your question that all of the loss of mass was converted to KE of the fission fragements, one atomic mass unit (amu) equals 931.46 Mevso...... 205MeV/931.46MeV/amu = 0.220084598 amu1 amu = 1.66E-27Kg so 1.66E-27Kg/amu * 0.220084598 amu = 3.65459E-28Kgusually, the KE of the fission fragments accounts for 85% of the total energy released in fission of U235
Carbon Hill
kinetic energy of the resulting fragments is 205 Mev which is previously stored in the nucleus as a potential energy because of the force between proton-proton because of their electric charge and force between proton-proton, proton-neutron, neutron-neutron because of their quarks structure before fission occurs...and when it occurs then the energy produces due to lose of mass....So, as an equation of Einstein..E=m. c
When a nuclear reactor wall is irradiated many vacancies and interstitials are created?
Leesville
When a nuclear reactor railing is irradiated, myriad vacancies and interstitials are created. The vacanciescluster compile to sort voids; what do you think happens to the interstitials?
Carthage
The interstitial metallic atoms dislodged from their organized lattice structure become positioned such that they can and do interfere with any stress relieving lattice corrections such as would occur in high pressure systems such as reactor plants. The reactor wall is under tremendous stress from actual internal pressure as well as stresses due to temperature differentials across the wall thickness. The interstitial obstacles simply make the metal rigid and, thus, brittle or more subject to brittle fracture. The problem can be relieved somewhat by annealing (raising the embrittled metal to a high temperature for a while, allowing the lattice structure to heal or reform). Conversely, at lower temperatures the pressure vessel is far more susceptible to brittle fracture, especially with voids or cracks and any such stress raiser.
Morley
Neutron embrittlement is a common problem in very very very old reactors. When the wall is irradiated it means the coolant isn't efficiently capturing the neutrons. It also means that the wall is designed of the wrong material. Zirconium nitride is great stuff for coating walls, etc... you tell me why.
When a nuclear reactor railing is irradiated, myriad vacancies and interstitials are created. The vacanciescluster compile to sort voids; what do you think happens to the interstitials?
Carthage
The interstitial metallic atoms dislodged from their organized lattice structure become positioned such that they can and do interfere with any stress relieving lattice corrections such as would occur in high pressure systems such as reactor plants. The reactor wall is under tremendous stress from actual internal pressure as well as stresses due to temperature differentials across the wall thickness. The interstitial obstacles simply make the metal rigid and, thus, brittle or more subject to brittle fracture. The problem can be relieved somewhat by annealing (raising the embrittled metal to a high temperature for a while, allowing the lattice structure to heal or reform). Conversely, at lower temperatures the pressure vessel is far more susceptible to brittle fracture, especially with voids or cracks and any such stress raiser.
Morley
Neutron embrittlement is a common problem in very very very old reactors. When the wall is irradiated it means the coolant isn't efficiently capturing the neutrons. It also means that the wall is designed of the wrong material. Zirconium nitride is great stuff for coating walls, etc... you tell me why.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)