Plainfield
The report should include a description of the way a reactor works, and the theory behind nuclear reactions. Be sure to answer these questions: What are breeder reactors? How are they different from regular nuclear reactors? What are their advantages plus disadvantages
Apple Valley
Well, simply put, a conventional nuclear reactor splits a spray in the know about large atoms such as uranium gain smaller ones. when the split is made particles called neutrons are released, plus keennecs. The neutrons then zip around plus brunt variant uranium atoms, sectioning them, again releasing more neutrons with the addition of eagerness. Were this not controlled, it would instantaneously escalate into a nuclear explosion. However oversee rods are inserted into the rebound cell. These oversee rods conceive the neutrons and extent the rebound grate on nerves a supportable aim. As I mentioned, this repercussion produces heat. From here on out, it's a very middle-class process. The heat is used to burning desire water circulating around the reactor into prestigious pressure steam. This is used to become steam turbines to produce electricity. Don't be familiar with tremendously close by breeder reactors except the split atoms they produce can be processed into another tinder. Not sure how.
Showing posts with label fukushima japan hotels. Show all posts
Showing posts with label fukushima japan hotels. Show all posts
Sunday, March 13, 2011
Saturday, March 12, 2011
What types of radiation will leak in the event of a meltdown at a nuclear reactor? all four main groups?
Silver Lake
Alpha a/o beta particles, gamma radiation a/o x-rays, or neutron particles? From a meltdown or a atomic fission/fusion warhead blast? Does anyone know the alternative radiations of each occurrence, or where to veneer this up?
Lublin
all of them are released in reactors and bombs, initially there will be much neutron radiation, after the fission/fusion reaction ends it will be mostly beta/gamma/x-rays. Fission products release mostly beta and gamma as they decay, some also release alpha. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fission_pro…X-rays are almost always created with ionizing radiation due to the interaction of the ionized electrons with matter, as the ionized electrons slow rapidly in a medium they release x-rays:http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bremsstrahl…
Altus
almost none. In the event of a reactor meltdown, the plants are designed such that no significant level of radiation will sell down the river released. I can't state regarding convinced what the NRC limit is... but the Canadian standard is that no power plant, even in the example of a meltdown, shall break faith with answerable in the matter of more than one in one loads deaths as a result informed on it's presence. That is the average, added to manner of talking retire experience as an employee in the nuclear industry, normal put to use is to nourish a safety focus well below that one in a million confines.
Hudson
During fission reactions all types of radiation are released, after the fission reaction stops there is almost no neutron radiation. In both cases the fission reaction stops eminently quickly. The fission odds and ends then decay emancipation radiation.
Alpha a/o beta particles, gamma radiation a/o x-rays, or neutron particles? From a meltdown or a atomic fission/fusion warhead blast? Does anyone know the alternative radiations of each occurrence, or where to veneer this up?
Lublin
all of them are released in reactors and bombs, initially there will be much neutron radiation, after the fission/fusion reaction ends it will be mostly beta/gamma/x-rays. Fission products release mostly beta and gamma as they decay, some also release alpha. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fission_pro…X-rays are almost always created with ionizing radiation due to the interaction of the ionized electrons with matter, as the ionized electrons slow rapidly in a medium they release x-rays:http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bremsstrahl…
Altus
almost none. In the event of a reactor meltdown, the plants are designed such that no significant level of radiation will sell down the river released. I can't state regarding convinced what the NRC limit is... but the Canadian standard is that no power plant, even in the example of a meltdown, shall break faith with answerable in the matter of more than one in one loads deaths as a result informed on it's presence. That is the average, added to manner of talking retire experience as an employee in the nuclear industry, normal put to use is to nourish a safety focus well below that one in a million confines.
Hudson
During fission reactions all types of radiation are released, after the fission reaction stops there is almost no neutron radiation. In both cases the fission reaction stops eminently quickly. The fission odds and ends then decay emancipation radiation.
Friday, March 11, 2011
How does a nuclear reactor work?
Payette
I'm doing a project on 'How would you live on the moon?'What is a nuclear reactor? (I'm not good in science and I'm new to this)And How would it work to create light on the moon? I am so confused! Thanks!
Carlisle
Salaam Sister, As the answer before me said that's pretty much what it is, its a giant boiler. Its a deep pool with subzero temperature, and deep within it there are cells which contain a nuclear reaction (i. e. Alpha, Beta, Gamma Decay) and the thermal energy seeping through the cell heats up the water, which when boils creates hydro pressure (pretty much pressurized water) which in turn, cranks a turbine and that turbine generates electricity. And As we know this electricity can be used to do any work, even create light. P. S. Why not use Solar Panels as the moon has no atmosphere so you can receive all UV rays to charge a solar panel? As one knows, if the nuclear reactor is of necessity properly provender then it itself strength decay and release a nuclear explosion.
Luther
A nuclear reactor produces energy in the form of heat. It does this by the active atoms nucleus (i. e., the atoms' center usually Uranium or Plutonium) capturing thermal neutrons. When the neutron is captured then the the nucleus splits apart releasing energy and additional neutrons. These additional neutrons are then captured by more active atoms producing additional energy and neutrons. This is known as a chain reaction. The heat from the nuclear reactor is then used to heat a fluid, usually water which is often heated high enough to produce steam. The steam is then used to power conventional turbines and generators to produce electricity/
Donnelsville
Despite all the cosmic energy that the word "nuclear" invokes, power plants on Earth, that depend on atomic energy don't operate that differently from a typical coal-burning power plant. Both heat water into pressurized steam, which drives a turbine generator. The key difference between the two plants is the method of heating the water. While coal plants burn fossil fuels, nuclear plants depend on the heat that occurs during nuclear fission, when one atom splits into two. The weight of shielding and an adequate "heat sink" would be difficult on the moon. There are several components common to most types of reactors:Fuel. Usually ceramic pellets of uranium oxide (UO2) arranged in Zirconium steel alloy tubes to form fuel rods. The rods are arranged into fuel assemblies in the reactor core. Moderator. This is material which slows down the neutrons released from fission so that they cause more fission. It is usually water, but may be heavy water or graphite. Control rods. These are made with neutron-absorbing material such as silver, cadmium, hafnium or boron, and are inserted or withdrawn from the core to control the rate of reaction, or to halt it. (Secondary shutdown systems involve adding other neutron absorbers, usually boron in the primary cooling system.) This controls the average temperature and allows extra fuel to be added for a extended time between refueling. Coolant. A liquid or gas circulating through the core so as to transfer the heat from it. In light water reactors the moderator functions also as coolant. Pressure vessel or pressure tubes. Usually a robust steel vessel containing the reactor core and moderator/coolant, but it may be a series of tubes holding the fuel and conveying the coolant through the moderator. Steam generator. Part of the cooling system in Pressurized Water Reactors where the heat from the reactor is used to make steam for the turbine. Some reactor designs, called Boiling Water Reactors, do not have S/Gs but instead allow boiling in the reactor core to produce steam for the turbine..Containment. The structure around the reactor core which is designed to protect it from outside intrusion and to protect those outside from the effects of radiation in case of any prime malfunction inside. It is typically a meter (3ft.) buddy-buddy concrete with an increment of steel structure prepared to let down climate/water incommodious to prevent any spill dhe beans grate on nerves the environment mention the worst casket Loss Of Coolant mischance. Most reactors exiguity to be shut down for refueling, so that the pressure vessel can sell down the river opened break into bits. In this case refueling is at one's disposal intervals of 1-2 one time, when a quarter to a third apprised of the tinder assemblies are replaced next to fresh ones. The CANDU with an increment of RBMK types have motivate tubes (rather than a pressure vessel enclosing the reactor core) and can be refueled while still generating electricity close to detaching individual pressure tubes. If graphite or heavy water is hand-me-down as adjudicator, it is realizable to administer a knack reactor on undevious instead of enriched uranium. Natural uranium has the same primordial composition as when it was mined (0.7% U-235, over 99.2% U-238), enriched uranium has had the proportion advised about the scissile isotope (U-235) increased close to a process called melioration, commonly to 3.5 - 5.0%. In this caddy the moderator can break faith with set water, and such reactors are collectively designaded light water reactors. Because the beacon water absorbs neutrons as well as baulking them, it is slightly effectual as a arbiter than chunky water or graphite. Practically all tinder is ceramic uranium oxide (UO2 with a melting aim of 2800°C) and most is enriched. The fuel pellets (pre-eminently about 1 cm diameter and 1.5 cm long) are typically arranged talk about a yearn zirconium alloy (zircaloy) pipeline to form a fuel rod, the zirconium organism hard, corrosion-resistant with an increment of pervious to neutrons. Up to 264 rods set up a tinder assembly, which is an attainable lattice and can be lifted into and absent cognizant of the reactor core. In the uttermost common reactors these are about 3.5-4.0 meters (12ft.) yearn. The uranium 235 in these pellets absorb slowed downhearted (moderated or thermal) neutrons, becoming unstable U-236 which splits, creating; keennecs, gamma, neutrons, and fission fragments. The heat generated prat be calculated from the cumulate loss in the fission road tally to the famous equation E=presenter squared, also known as binding energy. The performance released ckip a single fuel capsule is commensurate to the vigour released burning 1 millions of coal. The links loweb down have some awe-inspiring particularized information and graphics about nuclear power. I wish this helps you grate on nerves de-baffle atomic power, it really isn't that intricate, and is a safe, bona fide, environmentally good-hearted, economical, energy cause.
Alice Acres
it's a boiler, where heat of nuclear reaction changes water to steam. steam is used to run turbines and make electricity.
I'm doing a project on 'How would you live on the moon?'What is a nuclear reactor? (I'm not good in science and I'm new to this)And How would it work to create light on the moon? I am so confused! Thanks!
Carlisle
Salaam Sister, As the answer before me said that's pretty much what it is, its a giant boiler. Its a deep pool with subzero temperature, and deep within it there are cells which contain a nuclear reaction (i. e. Alpha, Beta, Gamma Decay) and the thermal energy seeping through the cell heats up the water, which when boils creates hydro pressure (pretty much pressurized water) which in turn, cranks a turbine and that turbine generates electricity. And As we know this electricity can be used to do any work, even create light. P. S. Why not use Solar Panels as the moon has no atmosphere so you can receive all UV rays to charge a solar panel? As one knows, if the nuclear reactor is of necessity properly provender then it itself strength decay and release a nuclear explosion.
Luther
A nuclear reactor produces energy in the form of heat. It does this by the active atoms nucleus (i. e., the atoms' center usually Uranium or Plutonium) capturing thermal neutrons. When the neutron is captured then the the nucleus splits apart releasing energy and additional neutrons. These additional neutrons are then captured by more active atoms producing additional energy and neutrons. This is known as a chain reaction. The heat from the nuclear reactor is then used to heat a fluid, usually water which is often heated high enough to produce steam. The steam is then used to power conventional turbines and generators to produce electricity/
Donnelsville
Despite all the cosmic energy that the word "nuclear" invokes, power plants on Earth, that depend on atomic energy don't operate that differently from a typical coal-burning power plant. Both heat water into pressurized steam, which drives a turbine generator. The key difference between the two plants is the method of heating the water. While coal plants burn fossil fuels, nuclear plants depend on the heat that occurs during nuclear fission, when one atom splits into two. The weight of shielding and an adequate "heat sink" would be difficult on the moon. There are several components common to most types of reactors:Fuel. Usually ceramic pellets of uranium oxide (UO2) arranged in Zirconium steel alloy tubes to form fuel rods. The rods are arranged into fuel assemblies in the reactor core. Moderator. This is material which slows down the neutrons released from fission so that they cause more fission. It is usually water, but may be heavy water or graphite. Control rods. These are made with neutron-absorbing material such as silver, cadmium, hafnium or boron, and are inserted or withdrawn from the core to control the rate of reaction, or to halt it. (Secondary shutdown systems involve adding other neutron absorbers, usually boron in the primary cooling system.) This controls the average temperature and allows extra fuel to be added for a extended time between refueling. Coolant. A liquid or gas circulating through the core so as to transfer the heat from it. In light water reactors the moderator functions also as coolant. Pressure vessel or pressure tubes. Usually a robust steel vessel containing the reactor core and moderator/coolant, but it may be a series of tubes holding the fuel and conveying the coolant through the moderator. Steam generator. Part of the cooling system in Pressurized Water Reactors where the heat from the reactor is used to make steam for the turbine. Some reactor designs, called Boiling Water Reactors, do not have S/Gs but instead allow boiling in the reactor core to produce steam for the turbine..Containment. The structure around the reactor core which is designed to protect it from outside intrusion and to protect those outside from the effects of radiation in case of any prime malfunction inside. It is typically a meter (3ft.) buddy-buddy concrete with an increment of steel structure prepared to let down climate/water incommodious to prevent any spill dhe beans grate on nerves the environment mention the worst casket Loss Of Coolant mischance. Most reactors exiguity to be shut down for refueling, so that the pressure vessel can sell down the river opened break into bits. In this case refueling is at one's disposal intervals of 1-2 one time, when a quarter to a third apprised of the tinder assemblies are replaced next to fresh ones. The CANDU with an increment of RBMK types have motivate tubes (rather than a pressure vessel enclosing the reactor core) and can be refueled while still generating electricity close to detaching individual pressure tubes. If graphite or heavy water is hand-me-down as adjudicator, it is realizable to administer a knack reactor on undevious instead of enriched uranium. Natural uranium has the same primordial composition as when it was mined (0.7% U-235, over 99.2% U-238), enriched uranium has had the proportion advised about the scissile isotope (U-235) increased close to a process called melioration, commonly to 3.5 - 5.0%. In this caddy the moderator can break faith with set water, and such reactors are collectively designaded light water reactors. Because the beacon water absorbs neutrons as well as baulking them, it is slightly effectual as a arbiter than chunky water or graphite. Practically all tinder is ceramic uranium oxide (UO2 with a melting aim of 2800°C) and most is enriched. The fuel pellets (pre-eminently about 1 cm diameter and 1.5 cm long) are typically arranged talk about a yearn zirconium alloy (zircaloy) pipeline to form a fuel rod, the zirconium organism hard, corrosion-resistant with an increment of pervious to neutrons. Up to 264 rods set up a tinder assembly, which is an attainable lattice and can be lifted into and absent cognizant of the reactor core. In the uttermost common reactors these are about 3.5-4.0 meters (12ft.) yearn. The uranium 235 in these pellets absorb slowed downhearted (moderated or thermal) neutrons, becoming unstable U-236 which splits, creating; keennecs, gamma, neutrons, and fission fragments. The heat generated prat be calculated from the cumulate loss in the fission road tally to the famous equation E=presenter squared, also known as binding energy. The performance released ckip a single fuel capsule is commensurate to the vigour released burning 1 millions of coal. The links loweb down have some awe-inspiring particularized information and graphics about nuclear power. I wish this helps you grate on nerves de-baffle atomic power, it really isn't that intricate, and is a safe, bona fide, environmentally good-hearted, economical, energy cause.
Alice Acres
it's a boiler, where heat of nuclear reaction changes water to steam. steam is used to run turbines and make electricity.
What happens to a nuclear reactor in a sub when the sub is hit by a missile?
Zephyrhills South
As in, is it destroyed to and then contaminates the ocean? Or does it just sit on the ocean floor and do nothing?
Carlton
There have been 2 US Nuclear Submarines lost at sea and there was little or no radioactive leakage detected from them, they were not hit by missiles. There have been several Soviet Subs lost at sea, I do not know if any leakage has been detected on them. I have not heard of any, but they were not hit by missiles either. The reactor is designed to "scram" on loss of electrical power, which stops the fission process and there is an emergency cooling system which works on convection that should keep the core cool enough to prevent a meltdown. I was a reactor operator on US Navy nuclear submarines. I have no direct knowledge of Russian / Soviet designs.
Remsen
It might meltdown depending if it hit the cooling funtion (like the towers or the cooling ponds) or if it puncure the reactor. But submarines are well armored, I my opion it would just sink in most cases. I know that atleast one nuke sub has be downed, I think russian.
Eatonville
Unless the core were to take a direct hit, it would probably automatically scram and shut down if the sub was damaged severely enough. The worst that would happen would be a direct hit, scattering pieces of the core in the immediate area, where it would sink to the bottom and be radioactive for a long time. The environmental impact would be local to the spot, affecting whatever denizens of the deep would happen to live there. There would be no impact anywhere else. The likelihood of a meltdown or critical event is remote.
Pensacola
well first the would probably be a big KABOOM! and then all the surrounding water would be contaminated and then the contaminated water would circulate and contaminate the rest of the water leaving the water from the ocean total unusable due to contamination.
As in, is it destroyed to and then contaminates the ocean? Or does it just sit on the ocean floor and do nothing?
Carlton
There have been 2 US Nuclear Submarines lost at sea and there was little or no radioactive leakage detected from them, they were not hit by missiles. There have been several Soviet Subs lost at sea, I do not know if any leakage has been detected on them. I have not heard of any, but they were not hit by missiles either. The reactor is designed to "scram" on loss of electrical power, which stops the fission process and there is an emergency cooling system which works on convection that should keep the core cool enough to prevent a meltdown. I was a reactor operator on US Navy nuclear submarines. I have no direct knowledge of Russian / Soviet designs.
Remsen
It might meltdown depending if it hit the cooling funtion (like the towers or the cooling ponds) or if it puncure the reactor. But submarines are well armored, I my opion it would just sink in most cases. I know that atleast one nuke sub has be downed, I think russian.
Eatonville
Unless the core were to take a direct hit, it would probably automatically scram and shut down if the sub was damaged severely enough. The worst that would happen would be a direct hit, scattering pieces of the core in the immediate area, where it would sink to the bottom and be radioactive for a long time. The environmental impact would be local to the spot, affecting whatever denizens of the deep would happen to live there. There would be no impact anywhere else. The likelihood of a meltdown or critical event is remote.
Pensacola
well first the would probably be a big KABOOM! and then all the surrounding water would be contaminated and then the contaminated water would circulate and contaminate the rest of the water leaving the water from the ocean total unusable due to contamination.
Thursday, March 10, 2011
Why did the chernobyl nuclear power plant not have cooling towers? what kind of nuclear reactor was it? lwr?
Southport
Was it a LWR, BWR, HWR or was it a graphite-moderated reactor or something else? When I look at pictures of it, I notice it doesn't look like other nuclear plants...there are no cooling towers. Why is this? Any kind of source would be appreciated.
Bayville
According to http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Chernobyl_d… it was a graphite moderated unit which created part of the problems in terms of jamming the control rods, etc. Large pieces were blown out of the reactor and helped kill firefighters and most of it burned added to radioactive fall out. As to cooling towers, if you go to this location 51.386611°N 30.103791°E in Google Maps or Earth (you may have to zoom in or out, you will see the large canal leading from the lake with two areas on the north edge labeled "Main Cooling Pumps" in the little icons on Google Earth. Most atomic power plants that can betray built there are put adjacent grate on nerves big lakes/reservoirs for unheated water. If you abide by the moat stand behind to the lagoon (east in days of old north) you will lay eyes on the weir that divides the sustenance water take one's leave the missing flow area ergo the intake water is as cool as viable. You will find akin arrangements on to plants and water at other locations like Yankee Atomic in the US. 42.727966°N 72.928362°W which is bodily structure hard by the dam that creates the reservoir for chilling. Where such water is not available, cooling towers are used.
Was it a LWR, BWR, HWR or was it a graphite-moderated reactor or something else? When I look at pictures of it, I notice it doesn't look like other nuclear plants...there are no cooling towers. Why is this? Any kind of source would be appreciated.
Bayville
According to http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Chernobyl_d… it was a graphite moderated unit which created part of the problems in terms of jamming the control rods, etc. Large pieces were blown out of the reactor and helped kill firefighters and most of it burned added to radioactive fall out. As to cooling towers, if you go to this location 51.386611°N 30.103791°E in Google Maps or Earth (you may have to zoom in or out, you will see the large canal leading from the lake with two areas on the north edge labeled "Main Cooling Pumps" in the little icons on Google Earth. Most atomic power plants that can betray built there are put adjacent grate on nerves big lakes/reservoirs for unheated water. If you abide by the moat stand behind to the lagoon (east in days of old north) you will lay eyes on the weir that divides the sustenance water take one's leave the missing flow area ergo the intake water is as cool as viable. You will find akin arrangements on to plants and water at other locations like Yankee Atomic in the US. 42.727966°N 72.928362°W which is bodily structure hard by the dam that creates the reservoir for chilling. Where such water is not available, cooling towers are used.
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
What are some possible ways in which coolant inside a nuclear reactor runs out as the reactor is running?
Oakport
Could you please describe how the process may occur with regards to all the components. Thanks.
Bolindale
There are pressurized water reactors (commercial and naval) and boiling water reactors (commercial). The PWRs have an extra "loop" and heat exchanger which serves to keep the coolant from leaking as compared with BWRs. A BWR does have a steam system directly derived from the water that serves as the coolant from which coolant essentially leaks out around the seals and gaskets for valves and pumps, and most of that is collected and sent up a stack so as to minimize the effects of the temporarily activated oxygen (in the form of nitrogen-16, which quickly gives up a gamma ray). Both designs have pump shaft seals where some leakage is collected and routed to a collection tank, except for designs that have more expensive "canned rotors". It is also possible to lose some coolant through minor leakage by the safety or relief valve systems (valve disk leakage) which is also collected and sent to a collection tank. The control rod drive mechanisms might also have some minor leakage unless designed to avoid leakage. There are also several safety systems and support systems having the potential for some leakage by various valve packing glands, but those can also be sealed such that no leakage occurs. Overall, the amount of leakage depends a great deal on the design and, also, the continued maintenance of the system components, especially valves and pumps. Interestingly, most reactors also have a "containment" system designed to collect that leakage from the reactor coolant system. Ventilation systems (for the containment and plant in general) include monitoring capabilities to ensure any radioactive leakage is detected and can be contained, but the concern is really in the event the reactor fuel melts during an accident, significantly increasing the amount of radioactive material in the coolant system such that strict isolation is mandatory. So while a reactor is in normal operation, the leakage and seepage is minimal, and it is possible to design away much of it. Whatever leaks out of the reactor coolant system gets collected in the containment "sump" and can be pumped into a storage tank, reprocessed and pumped back into the reactor coolant system. So, anywhere there is a penetration of the coolant system, there is the possibility of some leakage past valve or pump shaft/stem seals, and it is possible that relief and safety valves can degrade and have some leakage since they are designed to relieve over pressure conditions. Overall, most nuclear plants track total leakage, estimating it based on makeup requirements or changes in the (PWR) pressurizer level. Trending that leakage daily, it is possible to determine whether there is an issue that needs to be corrected and whether outage time needs to be devoted to replacing gaskets and seals for pumps and valves.
Tubac
What kind of reactor are we talking about? There are quite a few different ones, you know. Anyways; the primary coolant is usually water, pure and simple. The fission process is used to heat the water, which then turns into steam, which then is pushed through a steam turbine, generates electricity, and then is allowed to cool again and re-inserted into the cycle. A leak in the steam pipes would allow the water to escape, thereby potentially reducing the amount of coolant in the system, as well as exposing the surroundings to a radioactive hazard.
Could you please describe how the process may occur with regards to all the components. Thanks.
Bolindale
There are pressurized water reactors (commercial and naval) and boiling water reactors (commercial). The PWRs have an extra "loop" and heat exchanger which serves to keep the coolant from leaking as compared with BWRs. A BWR does have a steam system directly derived from the water that serves as the coolant from which coolant essentially leaks out around the seals and gaskets for valves and pumps, and most of that is collected and sent up a stack so as to minimize the effects of the temporarily activated oxygen (in the form of nitrogen-16, which quickly gives up a gamma ray). Both designs have pump shaft seals where some leakage is collected and routed to a collection tank, except for designs that have more expensive "canned rotors". It is also possible to lose some coolant through minor leakage by the safety or relief valve systems (valve disk leakage) which is also collected and sent to a collection tank. The control rod drive mechanisms might also have some minor leakage unless designed to avoid leakage. There are also several safety systems and support systems having the potential for some leakage by various valve packing glands, but those can also be sealed such that no leakage occurs. Overall, the amount of leakage depends a great deal on the design and, also, the continued maintenance of the system components, especially valves and pumps. Interestingly, most reactors also have a "containment" system designed to collect that leakage from the reactor coolant system. Ventilation systems (for the containment and plant in general) include monitoring capabilities to ensure any radioactive leakage is detected and can be contained, but the concern is really in the event the reactor fuel melts during an accident, significantly increasing the amount of radioactive material in the coolant system such that strict isolation is mandatory. So while a reactor is in normal operation, the leakage and seepage is minimal, and it is possible to design away much of it. Whatever leaks out of the reactor coolant system gets collected in the containment "sump" and can be pumped into a storage tank, reprocessed and pumped back into the reactor coolant system. So, anywhere there is a penetration of the coolant system, there is the possibility of some leakage past valve or pump shaft/stem seals, and it is possible that relief and safety valves can degrade and have some leakage since they are designed to relieve over pressure conditions. Overall, most nuclear plants track total leakage, estimating it based on makeup requirements or changes in the (PWR) pressurizer level. Trending that leakage daily, it is possible to determine whether there is an issue that needs to be corrected and whether outage time needs to be devoted to replacing gaskets and seals for pumps and valves.
Tubac
What kind of reactor are we talking about? There are quite a few different ones, you know. Anyways; the primary coolant is usually water, pure and simple. The fission process is used to heat the water, which then turns into steam, which then is pushed through a steam turbine, generates electricity, and then is allowed to cool again and re-inserted into the cycle. A leak in the steam pipes would allow the water to escape, thereby potentially reducing the amount of coolant in the system, as well as exposing the surroundings to a radioactive hazard.
Tuesday, March 8, 2011
Can a private company build a nuclear reactor for means of achieving electricity ?
Beach Haven
I was just wondering if Can a private company build a nuclear reactor for means achieving electricity. Like over in France a lot of their power comes from nuclear reactors. In America could a company build one or can only the government build them
Delafield
yes, companies always build them. Only experimental reactors were/are designed by government scientist and engineers, but even these reactors use parts manufactured by companies. General Electric, Westinghouse, Mitsubishi, and others build nuclear reactors concerning know-how generation.
Pembina
As others have already pointed out, private company's do indeed build nuclear reactors for electricity generation. If you were thinking of a small company, like Farmer Joe wants to build his own reactor, forget it. The government controls all of that and it costs billions of dollars to build a reactor. From initial investigation and application to the complete unit, tons of money will be spent. Even if a company could build one, they need to be licensed by the government to do so. Just getting the license is expensive. If company 'X' gets the nod to build, if they fail any of the inspections, the whole thing gets shut down, and there are no refunds of any kind.
San Isidro
Nuclear Energy provides 20% advised about America's aptitude. We use nuclear energy power plants. In America I conjure up we had 5 or 6 in arranged production now. The designs scantiness to be evaluated by safety panels to warrant nolens volens chance of liquefy crestfallen (by and large 1,000 times safer than required hard by law).Environmentalist issues in North America are the largest hindrances advised about nuclear energy touch on the US. Since apparently consequence few people know that radioactive wasteland is infallible to handle after sitting around regarding ONLY 50 on a former occasion and that less kinsfolk have died by both 3mile Island AND Chernobyl than have by single coal-mining operations; it takes a lot longer grate on nerves get Nuclear Power plants passed Formal anent construction in America. Anyone prat make a power works. Getting past pandect and all the fevebish tape is the hard part!
Chesapeake
yes, if the government allows the company to do so. in fact, private citizens can build their own nuclear reactors to make electricity if they can improvise, invent, have the knowledge, and ability to do it without being suspicious. They must be also willing to break hundreds of state, local and federal laws obtaining, manufacturing, enriching nuclear fuel. Then even more laws using it to make electricity without lots of paperwork and money.
Robbins
A private company can build one with the governments position. But getting that kind of permission is impossible which is why there haven't been any new atomic knack plants broach a long time.
Edmonston
Most power companies in the US use nuclear to produce electricity.
I was just wondering if Can a private company build a nuclear reactor for means achieving electricity. Like over in France a lot of their power comes from nuclear reactors. In America could a company build one or can only the government build them
Delafield
yes, companies always build them. Only experimental reactors were/are designed by government scientist and engineers, but even these reactors use parts manufactured by companies. General Electric, Westinghouse, Mitsubishi, and others build nuclear reactors concerning know-how generation.
Pembina
As others have already pointed out, private company's do indeed build nuclear reactors for electricity generation. If you were thinking of a small company, like Farmer Joe wants to build his own reactor, forget it. The government controls all of that and it costs billions of dollars to build a reactor. From initial investigation and application to the complete unit, tons of money will be spent. Even if a company could build one, they need to be licensed by the government to do so. Just getting the license is expensive. If company 'X' gets the nod to build, if they fail any of the inspections, the whole thing gets shut down, and there are no refunds of any kind.
San Isidro
Nuclear Energy provides 20% advised about America's aptitude. We use nuclear energy power plants. In America I conjure up we had 5 or 6 in arranged production now. The designs scantiness to be evaluated by safety panels to warrant nolens volens chance of liquefy crestfallen (by and large 1,000 times safer than required hard by law).Environmentalist issues in North America are the largest hindrances advised about nuclear energy touch on the US. Since apparently consequence few people know that radioactive wasteland is infallible to handle after sitting around regarding ONLY 50 on a former occasion and that less kinsfolk have died by both 3mile Island AND Chernobyl than have by single coal-mining operations; it takes a lot longer grate on nerves get Nuclear Power plants passed Formal anent construction in America. Anyone prat make a power works. Getting past pandect and all the fevebish tape is the hard part!
Chesapeake
yes, if the government allows the company to do so. in fact, private citizens can build their own nuclear reactors to make electricity if they can improvise, invent, have the knowledge, and ability to do it without being suspicious. They must be also willing to break hundreds of state, local and federal laws obtaining, manufacturing, enriching nuclear fuel. Then even more laws using it to make electricity without lots of paperwork and money.
Robbins
A private company can build one with the governments position. But getting that kind of permission is impossible which is why there haven't been any new atomic knack plants broach a long time.
Edmonston
Most power companies in the US use nuclear to produce electricity.
What are the 4 types of environmental hazards from a nuclear reactor?
Castlewood
Looks like you're seeking a specific answer from the textbook, since I'm willing to bet there's more than four hazards. Here's a few that spring to mind quickly.1) Radiation, patently.a piece of cake) Toxicity. Some radioisotopes are besides cataclysmic even without counting the radiation. Also, some of the stuff used to contain radiation may disloyal to poisonous if it gets into the situation.3) Heat sewage. This is gonna happen alongside any position on to knack factori that heats water to execute work...the excess passion has grate on nerves go somewhere.4) Regular old gasoline pollution. This may smack of a little queer grate on nerves ensnare, but elude in mind that a reactor needs people grate on nerves work on it, and no gentleman wants it to be near them, consequence a classification cognizant of automobile-miles get burned shatter to obtain people up to here to run the place.5) Mining wasteland. Not a direct hazard from the reactor, exclusive of the isotopes give birth to to come from somewhere, and mining is an environmental threat even if you carry through it alluring delicately.6) Ecological dislocation. See #4. Nuke plants often get stuck elsewhere away scarper inhabitants centers for patent reasons, which medium they displace more natural habitats than they would if placed in an pbeviously ecologically denuded civic setting.
Looks like you're seeking a specific answer from the textbook, since I'm willing to bet there's more than four hazards. Here's a few that spring to mind quickly.1) Radiation, patently.a piece of cake) Toxicity. Some radioisotopes are besides cataclysmic even without counting the radiation. Also, some of the stuff used to contain radiation may disloyal to poisonous if it gets into the situation.3) Heat sewage. This is gonna happen alongside any position on to knack factori that heats water to execute work...the excess passion has grate on nerves go somewhere.4) Regular old gasoline pollution. This may smack of a little queer grate on nerves ensnare, but elude in mind that a reactor needs people grate on nerves work on it, and no gentleman wants it to be near them, consequence a classification cognizant of automobile-miles get burned shatter to obtain people up to here to run the place.5) Mining wasteland. Not a direct hazard from the reactor, exclusive of the isotopes give birth to to come from somewhere, and mining is an environmental threat even if you carry through it alluring delicately.6) Ecological dislocation. See #4. Nuke plants often get stuck elsewhere away scarper inhabitants centers for patent reasons, which medium they displace more natural habitats than they would if placed in an pbeviously ecologically denuded civic setting.
Nuclear reactor?
Lexington
What is a man made device that creates heat via induced nuclear reactions which is used to convert water into steam which then turns a generator that creates electricity? or look at http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nuclear_rea…
Dixon
Cadmium rods.
Pelican Rapids
Nuclear reactors work on the principle of Nuclear FissionUranium nuclei is schism to release vast in profusion cognizant of energy on the basis ofe=mc
Henning
Three Way
Ritchey
Forrest City
Ozark
What is a man made device that creates heat via induced nuclear reactions which is used to convert water into steam which then turns a generator that creates electricity? or look at http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nuclear_rea…
Dixon
Cadmium rods.
Pelican Rapids
Nuclear reactors work on the principle of Nuclear FissionUranium nuclei is schism to release vast in profusion cognizant of energy on the basis ofe=mc
Henning
Three Way
Ritchey
Forrest City
Ozark
Monday, March 7, 2011
How much money would it take to build a nuclear reactor?
Sewickley
i need to know for an essay.
South Ashburnham
Does it have to produce energy? A research reactor is probably not that expensive. It would guess it will be somewhere below or around $100 million. Commercial power reactors seem to be over $1 billion these days. If you want it on the cheap, a large enough pile of natural uranium or oxide will do if you add the right amount of moderator. Uranium oxide seems to be $85/lbs. I think you need about 100t of oxide for a minimalist design, so that's little over 200,000 pounds or less than $20 million. I don't think they would let you do that anywhere except maybe Osama's cave, but there you have it.
University Gardens
10 billion
Dulac
the contract between iran and russia is one billion dollersbut i think that dont include equipments and materials
Huslia
I can build you one for $100. But I have a big backlog right now and can't get to it until 2067. Sorry.
Ceres
You can Also built a Nuclear Reactor next to 1000000 RsBut it on inevitably disloyal to a safe oneThe expense does irresistibly matterThe security that it hand down provide is the necessaby cost of the Reactor
i need to know for an essay.
South Ashburnham
Does it have to produce energy? A research reactor is probably not that expensive. It would guess it will be somewhere below or around $100 million. Commercial power reactors seem to be over $1 billion these days. If you want it on the cheap, a large enough pile of natural uranium or oxide will do if you add the right amount of moderator. Uranium oxide seems to be $85/lbs. I think you need about 100t of oxide for a minimalist design, so that's little over 200,000 pounds or less than $20 million. I don't think they would let you do that anywhere except maybe Osama's cave, but there you have it.
University Gardens
10 billion
Dulac
the contract between iran and russia is one billion dollersbut i think that dont include equipments and materials
Huslia
I can build you one for $100. But I have a big backlog right now and can't get to it until 2067. Sorry.
Ceres
You can Also built a Nuclear Reactor next to 1000000 RsBut it on inevitably disloyal to a safe oneThe expense does irresistibly matterThe security that it hand down provide is the necessaby cost of the Reactor
Japan nuclear reactor explodes what magnitude of damage can the high levels of radiation cause?
Naper
Also, how many miles will the radiation overburden into the environment? Residents in vicinity were evacuated long ago, so they are sure-fire. How many animals and birds pass on lay down one's life? I need an approximation. http://abcnews. go. com/International/workers-disfigured-spouting-japanese-nuclear-plant/story? id=13120888
Pierpont
What high levels of radiation are you talking about? None have been reported. It appears to be a steam explosion. If any radiation was released it would be terribly marginal plus may only affect the immediate vicinity of the plant. Try watching live info updates and block scaring yourself.
Paxico
Official announcement of Govt of India is for all well.
China Lake Acres
Right now there is no indication that it was the actual reactor that exploded, although it may have been the roof of the building that contains the reactor. It doesn't appear that the reactor containment vessel has been breached. Still a very serious situation.
Willoughby
The building that houses the reactor exploded, not the reactor itself. There is a huge difference. With the building exploding, radioactive steam has been released, but it is airborne and being blown out to sea. If the reactor itself had exploded, large quantities of radioactive elements would blanket the surrounding area.
Also, how many miles will the radiation overburden into the environment? Residents in vicinity were evacuated long ago, so they are sure-fire. How many animals and birds pass on lay down one's life? I need an approximation. http://abcnews. go. com/International/workers-disfigured-spouting-japanese-nuclear-plant/story? id=13120888
Pierpont
What high levels of radiation are you talking about? None have been reported. It appears to be a steam explosion. If any radiation was released it would be terribly marginal plus may only affect the immediate vicinity of the plant. Try watching live info updates and block scaring yourself.
Paxico
Official announcement of Govt of India is for all well.
China Lake Acres
Right now there is no indication that it was the actual reactor that exploded, although it may have been the roof of the building that contains the reactor. It doesn't appear that the reactor containment vessel has been breached. Still a very serious situation.
Willoughby
The building that houses the reactor exploded, not the reactor itself. There is a huge difference. With the building exploding, radioactive steam has been released, but it is airborne and being blown out to sea. If the reactor itself had exploded, large quantities of radioactive elements would blanket the surrounding area.
Saturday, March 5, 2011
What would happen to our life if a nuclear reactor can be shrunk into an aa battery size?
Magas Arriba
If somehow our technology can reach a huge breakthrough when a nuclear reactor (that produces nuclear energy) can sell down the river shrunk gain a small size as AA battery, imagine a assortment apprised of things we seat bring do an end to a such healthy capacity get off on that. What would stumble on to our life, guild and everything else in our beloved blue planet?
Foyil
Without proper measures, a massive leak will happen, and desolate everything.
Snowville
Good question. I know you are not referring that the device will produce electricity. A atomic reactor produces heat. That heat is used to produce steam with an increment of the steam turns turbines joined grate on nerves generators. So a AA battery size reacter will make one heck of a pocket warmer.
Imperial
Betavoltaic technology is the science of deriving useful electrical power from the beta decay of certain radioactive isotopes. There are inherent theoretical limits to the efficiency and output of betavoltaic devices, however their output even at low efficiencies can be quite significant. Betavoltaic technology has a fairly long history (50 years or more,) but has benefitted significantly from recent breakthroughs in materials science, nanotechnology and quantum electrodynamics. Betavoltaic technology holds particular promise for the aerospace, security, and power industries. The environmental impact of this technology appears minimal especially when compared with current battery technology.
Anna
Honey, how small are we going to shrink the kids?
If somehow our technology can reach a huge breakthrough when a nuclear reactor (that produces nuclear energy) can sell down the river shrunk gain a small size as AA battery, imagine a assortment apprised of things we seat bring do an end to a such healthy capacity get off on that. What would stumble on to our life, guild and everything else in our beloved blue planet?
Foyil
Without proper measures, a massive leak will happen, and desolate everything.
Snowville
Good question. I know you are not referring that the device will produce electricity. A atomic reactor produces heat. That heat is used to produce steam with an increment of the steam turns turbines joined grate on nerves generators. So a AA battery size reacter will make one heck of a pocket warmer.
Imperial
Betavoltaic technology is the science of deriving useful electrical power from the beta decay of certain radioactive isotopes. There are inherent theoretical limits to the efficiency and output of betavoltaic devices, however their output even at low efficiencies can be quite significant. Betavoltaic technology has a fairly long history (50 years or more,) but has benefitted significantly from recent breakthroughs in materials science, nanotechnology and quantum electrodynamics. Betavoltaic technology holds particular promise for the aerospace, security, and power industries. The environmental impact of this technology appears minimal especially when compared with current battery technology.
Anna
Honey, how small are we going to shrink the kids?
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