Bipolar disorder, or manic-depressive illness (MDI), is one of the most common, severe, and persistent mental illnesse
Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric condition defined as recurrent episodes of significant disturbance in mood. These disturbances can occur on a spectrum that ranges from debilitating depression to unbridled mania. Individuals suffering from bipolar disorder typically experience fluid states of mania, hypomania or what is referred to as a mixed state in conjunction with depressive episodes. These clinical states typically alternate with a normal range of mood. While dealing with bipolar disorder isn’t always easy, it doesn’t have to run your life. With proper treatment and a solid support system, people with bipolar disorder are capable of leading rich and fulfilling lives. They can hold jobs, sustain loving marriages, raise children, and be productive members of society. But in order to successfully manage bipolar disorder, it is essential to fully understand the condition and its challenges.What Causes Bipolar Disorder?Doctors and scientists don't know the exact cause of bipolar disorder, but they think that biochemical, genetic, and environmental factors may all be involved. It's believed this condition is caused by imbalances in certain brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. If the neurotransmitters aren't in balance, the brain's mood-regulating system won't work the way it should.SymptomsIn adults, mania is usually episodic with an elevation of mood and increased energy and activity. In children, mania is commonly chronic rather than episodic, and usually presents in mixed states with irritability, anxiety and depression. In adults and children, during depression there is lowering of mood and decreased energy and activity. During a mixed episode both mania and depression can occur on the same day. How is bipolar disorder treated?In bipolar disorder treatment, the leading thought may be the use of medications. They are, in actuality, a potent medium in the management of the disorder. One just needs study at the massive group of medications that is accessible to see that medicine has been broadly used in bipolar disorder management. Lithium carbonate was the premier significant breakthrough in the medications for bipolar disorder treatment. It belongs to a lineage of medications called "attitude stabilizers". These medications assist to arrest or ease manic episodes. They also aid to ward off the extremes of depression, such as suicide. bipolar disorder management may also embody the use of alternate attitude stabilizers that were originally used as anticonvulsants . These have been shown to maintain a tremendous result on mood. Some of these, such as valproic acid and carbamazepine, are tried and true.Lamotrigine, gabapentin, and topiramate have also been used for this purpose but not conclusively prov-en noticeable. Caution must be taken in the use of antidepressant treatment as a portion of bipolar disorder treatment. Attitude stabilizers are mainly tried first, because antidepressants can trigger manic episodes or rapid-cycling. If an antidepressant must be used, there are reliable ones which are less likely to cause these problems. One of these is bupropion . The management of psychotic symptoms has evolved rapidly in modern times. At first, there were potent anti-psychotics. The first of these were said to put the mind in a "cerebral straight jacket". They essentially stopped all thought. They also had an extreme side effects known as tardive dyskinesia . This causes everlasting neurological damages.Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)Doctors use this form of treatment mainly in people who have episodes of major depression associated with suicidal tendencies or in people whose medication has proved to be ineffective. In this treatment, electrodes are taped to your head. Then, while you're anesthetized and after you've received a muscle relaxant, a small amount of electrical current is passed through your brain for less than a second. This current produces a brain seizure, but because of the muscle relaxant, your body remains calm.ECT profoundly affects brain metabolism and blood flow to various areas of the brain. How that correlates to easing depression remains unknown, but this therapy is often highly effective.
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